Seismic Surveys and Electromagnetic Techniques in HDD
Seismic surveys help delineate the upper bedrock surface, providing critical information on bedrock strength and properties. Electromagnetic surveys and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) are used to penetrate clay layers and characterize surface deposits above the bedrock. These methods are particularly useful for identifying sand, gravel, and other overburden materials. Importantly, these geophysical techniques should supplement, not replace, borehole data to ensure a complete understanding of subsurface conditions for HDD.
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