Drag Reduction in Liquid Pipelines: Key Considerations
Review the use of drag reduction agents (DRAs) in liquid pipeline design and operation. DRAs, high molecular weight polymers, have become popular as a cost-effective alternative to increasing pumping capacity, especially in crude oil pipelines. These agents reduce drag and thereby decrease the friction factor in the pipeline. The effectiveness of DRAs is determined by their concentration in the flow stream and their impact on the friction factor, as calculated using modified equations. Another important consideration is DRA degradation. DRAs are fully degraded after passing through a pump station, necessitating injection downstream. Additionally, pipeline turbulence accelerates DRA degradation, making these agents most effective at lower velocities where turbulence is minimized.
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